Design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna ieee. The return loss and the various gain plots have been studied along with the radiation patterns. The metal patch on the front surface can have various shapes, although a rectangular shape, as shown in figure 6. The parameters evaluated were gain, beamwidth and return loss. Compared with conventional antennas, microstrip patch antennas have. As such, this page gives a general idea of how the parameters affect performance, in order to understand the design process. Microstrip antenna theory and design for ism band, dawodu. Theory of elliptical microstrip antenna elliptical patch antenna is shown in fig. One can simply understand the function and directivity of an antenna by having a look at its radiation pattern. The directivity is fairly insensitive to the substrate thickness.
If the air spacing between the sensors and the human body is increased from 0mm to 5mm the antenna resonant frequency is shifted by 5%. The beauty of this antenna is the use of single patch which make it easy to fabricate consequently cost of antenna becomes cheaper. The radiating element and feed lines are placed by the process of photoetching on the dielectric material. The patch usually fed along the centerline to symmetry and thus minimize excitation of undesirable modes. It also has a wide angle of beam in its radiation pattern. Usually, the patch or microstrip is choosen to be square. Microstrip patch antenna design linkedin slideshare. Deschamps in 1953, but didnt become practical until the 1970s when it was developed further by researchers such as robert e. Individual patch antenna and antenna patch array for wifi communication center for research of engineering and 2 microstrip patch antenna.
The width of the main lobe or main beam spanning a 3db difference in gain. First, the length of the patch l controls the resonant frequency as seen here. A microstrip or patch antenna is a lowprofile antenna that has a number of advantages over other antennas. The study of microstrip patch antennas has made great progress in recent years. Additional benefits of patch antennas is that they are easily fabricated making them cost effective.
The final part of this work has been concentrated on studying an. The rectangular patch antenna is analyzed, and what is learned here will be applied to understanding pifas planar invertedf antennas. Pdf micro strip patch antenna and its applications. The results obtain that microstrip patch antenna can be used as client antenna in computer and workable antenna for wireless fidelity. The design and simulation of patch antennas is widely used in mobile cellular phones today, and our emphasis in this work is on optimization of a 2. In this video, i have explained microstrip antenna or patch antenna by following outlines.
Their low profile design, often square or rectangular, allows them to be mounted to flat surfaces. The patch is generally made up of a conducting material such as copper or gold and can take any possible shape like rectangular, circular, triangular, elliptical or some other common shape. It is widely used in portable wireless devices because of the ease of fabricating it on printed circuit boards. The patch mentioned yields horizontal polarizati on, as shown. Patch and slot antennas derived from printedcircuit and microstrip technologies ceramic chip antennas are typically helical or invertedf inf antennas, or variations of. As a consequence, the adjacent patches need to be placed close to each other 0. Gain enhancement of a microstrip patch antenna using a. The proposed antenna is suitable for specific applications, such as security and military systems, which require a narrow bandwidth and a small antenna size. This work is mainly focused on increasing the gain as well as reducing the size of the unidirectional patch antenna. Figure 2 present the simulated 2d cut view and 3d far zone eplane radiation patterns for this antenna. Click here to go to our page on circular patch antennas new for september 2018. Amalu department of physics, university of jos, jos, nigeria. The rectangular micro strip patch antenna is analyzed using high frequency structure simulator hfss v 11. Microstrip patch antennas or simply patch antenna are increasingly useful because the antenna is printed directly onto a circuit board.
Microstrip antenna are one of the most popular types of printed antenna. Its a square or circular patch of conductive material about one halfwavelength across. Alternate feed methods a common variation in patch antenna design is the location and routing of the feed, to obtain a desired feedpoint impedance, to. Microstrip antenna an overview sciencedirect topics. The project here provides a detailed study of how to design a probefed square microstrip patch antenna using hfss, v11. It was invented to allow convenient integration of an antenna and other driving circuitry of a communication system on a common printedcircuit board or a semiconductor chip carver and mink, 1981.
A common antenna type which, in its simplest form, consists of a straight wire cut in the middle so that each half may be connected to one of the two conductors of a transmission line. If the ratio lw is close to unity, the radiation pattern will be symmetric but may not provide a resonable input impedance. Micro strip antenna consists of a very thin metallic strip placed on a ground plane with a dielectric material inbetween. A transmit antenna needs a receiving antenna with the same polarization for optimum operation. The size of the communication devices has decreased rapidly, for that purpose antenna is. Motilal nehru national institute of technology allahabad. Microstrip antenna or patch antenna basics in antenna and.
All of the parameters in a rectangular patch antenna design l, w, h, permittivity control the properties of the antenna. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. The patch antenna is mainly practical at microwave frequencies, at which wavelengths are short enough that the patches are conveniently small. In analysis of microstrip patch array antenna at 28ghz, has attained s 11 db as 15. In any illustration, the sketch drawn to represent the radiation of an antenna is its radiation pattern.
Antennas using patches as constitutive elements in an array are also possible. In this section, well discuss the microstrip antenna, which is also commonly referred to as the patch antenna. Most microstrip antennas consist of multiple patches. The most common type of microstrip antenna is the patch antenna. Microstrip antennas have high q q 100 is common, which means that they have small bandwidths. Here we discuss microstrip antenna, their polarisation and radiation pattern, applications and upcoming trends. A low profile, unidirectional, dual layer, and narrow bandwidth microstrip patch antenna is designed to resonate at 2. Micro strip antennas are easy to fabricate and comfortable on curved surface. Abstract a fortran program was developed to simulate the basic parameters of a microwave circular patch antenna. Pdf millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna for 5g. The microstrip patch antenna calculator determines the length l and width w of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for a given resonant frequency or vice versa.
The antenna is one of the critical components in any wireless communication system. The patch or microstrip antenna is common at microwave frequencies greater than 1 ghz. The antenna bandwidth is around 10% for vswr better than 2. Rectaangular microstrip patch antenna for wireless. The desire for a low profile and conformity to planar and nonplanar surfaces has made it versatile in communication application. New material includes smart antennas and fractal antennas, along with the latest applications in wireless communications. Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna arrays. Properties of a basic microstrip patch a microstrip or patch antenna is a lowprofile antenna that has a number of advantages over other antennas. A patch antenna is a narrowband, widebeam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate, such as a printed circuit board, with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side. The microstrip antenna is a relatively modern invention. These play a very significant role in todays wireless communication systems. Micro strip patch antennas patches are in variety of shapes, such as rectangular, square. Ill use the terms microstrip antenna and patch antenna interchangeably.
In the above example, the beamwidth of the antenna pattern is about 60 degree. An individual microstrip antenna consists of a patch of metal foil of various shapes a patch antenna on the surface of a pcb printed circuit board, with a metal foil ground plane on the other side of the board. Microstrip antenna theory and design for ism band kindle edition by dawodu, olajide. Fang microstrip antenna design handbook garg et al title says it all, but a few inaccuracies have been found antenna theory constantine balanis used for antennas i elen 715. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading microstrip antenna theory and design for ism band. Unlike a dipole antenna, the microstrip patch radiates primarily in its broadside direction. These results show that a microstrip patch antenna mainly radiates in the vertical direction. The width w of the microstrip antenna controls the input impedance. The gain of these antennas is between the ranges between 8dbi to 20dbi. The basics of patch antennas, updated orban microwave.
One common approach is to feed from a microstrip line, connecting the microstrip antenna at the center of one of its edges. This method employs ground plane between two substrates. Microstrip patch antennas have become the favorite of antenna designers because of its versatility and advantages of planar profile, ease of fabrication, compatibility with integrated circuit technology, and conformability with a shaped surface. This polarization can be either vertical or horizontal depending on the orientation of the patch. The proposed rectangular patch antenna has been devise using glass epoxy substrate fr4 with dielectric constant. A glucose sensing system based on transmission measurements at millimetre waves using micro strip patch antennas. The following image shows a microstrip or patch antenna.
A slot will be placed on the ground plane and feed line will be placed on lower substrate. The above equation says that the microstrip antenna should have a length equal to one half of a wavelength within the dielectric substrate medium. For better communication, it is the need to design proper functioning of the antenna. The 2x2 patch array antenna is simulated using ansoft hfss. Design of microstrip patch antenna for 5g application. Radiation is the term used to represent the emission or reception of wave front at the antenna, specifying its strength. Microstrip antenna is one of the newest developments in the area of electromagnetic antenna design. In response, constantine balanis has updated his classic text, antenna theory, offering the most recent look at all the necessary topics. This paper provides a design methodology for the microstrip patch antenna. This rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed for wireless communication application that works at 2. Usually, the patch or microstrip is choosen to be square, circular or rectangular in shape for the ease of analysis and fabrication.